NISTI shall rank equal to General Department serving functions for MISTI and the Royal Government of Cambodia for Research and Training on STI in order to improve industrial and related sectors with the following functions and duties:

• Conducting research on STI to serve all sectors including IR. 4.0 and next generation of industrial revolution
• Conducting research on Science, Digital Technology, IR 4.0 and next generation of industrial revolution
• Encouraging and incentivizing Research on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Automation
• Spurring research on electronic industries (Soft and hard)
• Collaborating Research on Industrial Technology (Agro-Industry, Food Security, and Bio-medicine)
• Fundamental Research and Research Institution with collaboration and participation
• Conducting collaborative research and development on foundation of science and technology for education
• Conducting research, testing and scientific experiment on physic and chemistry
• Establishing collaboration to provide opportunity for research and development in response to local context aiming to increase ability to absorb foreign technology
• Preparing strategic plan to foster the development of STI
• Improving STI training in order to enhance STI education, establish network, and gather intellectuals having network to local and foreign industries
• Incentivizing fundamental, applied and experimental development research
• Establishing Association of STI researchers pooling together technologist, scientist, and intellectuals who support research and development
• Providing STI training
• Establishing and operating STI laboratories;
• Implementing other tasks assigned by Minister.

Science, Technology, and Innovation National Laboratory (STINL) has been accredited by ISO/IEC 17025: 2017. Its roles and responsibilities are providing testing services, supporting the regulatory bodies of MISTI for product safety and quality control, standard activities, and SMEs/industry for improving and strengthening the local product quality and safety. Currently, its specialized laboratories provide the testing services on microbiological test for water and ice, microbiological tests for food and beverage, and physic-chemical tests.

NISTI has 3 Departments and 1 National Laboratory (rank equal to Department) including:

• Department of Technology Research & Development
• Department of Science, Technology & Innovation Promotion and Development
• Department Science, Technology & Innovation Training
• Science, Technology and Innovation National Laboratory